HUMAN RESOURCES(MANAGEMENT) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

HUMAN RESOURCES(MANAGEMENT) - Essay Example After World War II, it demonstrates that numerous administrations receive an increasingly dynamic job concerning business relations (Bamber et al. 2004 p 12). Bain and Clegg (1974) just as Clegg (1976) express that divergence in the components of aggregate bartering in different nations is the most significant component in the forming of association conduct. This may speak to a hypothesis of worker's organization conduct with respect to aggregate haggling anyway Clegg doesn't think of it as a total hypothesis of exchange unionism, since hypothesis doesn't explain the political activities of worker's organization. Regardless of whether the hypothesis was far reaching enough, it would not still not be considered as of hypothesis of modern relations. The components of aggregate expecting Clegg are generally influenced by the structure just as mentalities of businesses' relations and the board. State contribution through enactment may likewise be a prevailing impact in the event that it happens at an abundantly beginning time during the advancement of aggregate haggling. On the off chance that it was an extensive hypothesis of mechanical relat ions it would think about these components also. Hyman (1994) bolsters Clegg's examination of association conduct, for the most part because of the way that the hypothesis neglects to portray the progressions that occur in the worker's guild thickness and strike conduct in the next years. He underscores on effect of elements of political-financial like worldwide rivalry that is strengthened, the capital and business rebuilding, just as the fall of Keynesianism in a nation. He expresses that, as national institutional game plans without a doubt help with forming the impact of these powers on modern relations, he underpins Shalev (1980) thought that 'the association of mechanical relations should in any case possess close to the situation of factors that are predominant in hypotheses which are similar in nature. A solid hypothesis must underline on political economy. Anyway we are left with no exhaustive record of national contrasts. Foundations can be referred to as indications , and not as causes, with separation in organizations among nations being basically sign of the force appropriation just as the aftereffects of contentions among various gatherings when these establishments begin working (Shalev 1998 p.248).Institutions likewise reproduce gathering's aggregate key decisions, just as the selection of associations alongside work developments to follow a way which is political in nature. As indicated by Poole (1984; 1986; 1993) the distinctions that are found in modern relations organizations just as training in assorted nations have a solid establishment in the key options of various gatherings to that of the work relationship (Kochan, Katz and McKersie, 1984 p16). These gatherings are essentially social 'entertainers' who structure the game plans of the establishments wherein they work. The

Accept the Effect

Acknowledge the Effect Acknowledge the Effect Acknowledge the Effect By Catherine Osborn Influence/EFFECT These words give essayists inconvenience since the two can be both a thing and an action word, in spite of the fact that influence is regularly action word and impact, thing. Ordinarily, you will utilize influence to signify impact. For instance: On the off chance that I play music will it influence your considering? Influence utilized as a thing implies feeling. Then again, impact, which is all the more generally utilized as a thing, identifies with the outcome or result. The impacts of the medication have since a long time ago worn off. As an action word, it intends to cause or to achieve: The tornado affected an adjustment in our arrangement. Acknowledge/EXCEPT Another couple of firmly related words which mean various things are acknowledge and aside from. Acknowledge will allude to accepting or endorsement of something. I acknowledge your expression of remorse. But alludes to a rejection, as in, excluding. I took every one of those classes aside from math. Since they sound so comparable, these words regularly become traded when we compose yet meaning two distinct things, they can truly bungle a sentence’s meaning! Need to improve your English quickly a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Misused Words classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)How to Address Your Elders, Your Doctor, Young Children... also, Your CEO

Our Favorite Ways to Grow As A Teacher

Our Favorite Ways to Grow As A Teacher TeacherVision Advisory Board Member Mikaela reminds us that getting feedback is vital to growth in our teaching practice. She shares actionable steps (both big and small) you can take to seek feedback and support from colleagues and through professional development. We talk a lot about setting goals with students, enabling growth mindsets for our class, and monitoring student progress - but are we doing the same for ourselves? Some school cultures have teacher development built in. For some of us, though, it can often feel like we are alone in a boat, trying to move forward, but unsure if we are headed in the right direction or simply paddling around in circles when it comes to our professional growth. If you are blessed with a strong school culture that is focused on teacher development, be sure to share the love and wisdom you receive with other educators! If you not, don’t worry. There are many things you can start doing quickly that will help you develop and refine your skills in the classroom, as long as you’re willing to step out of your comfort zone. Open Door Policy An open door policy means that your door is always open for other teachers to come in and observe what you are doing. However, just opening your door during the day is not enough to express to your colleagues that you are ready for feedback and support. Make it explicitly clear that they are welcome to step in and observe at any time, and that you are open to any feedback that they can provide. If telling everyone feels overwhelming, start with one coworker you trust and set up a time for them to come in, take notes and then meet after the lesson to discuss what they saw. When you feel more comfortable, you can extend the invitation to more people. Be sure to return the favor as well. Watching other teachers and providing feedback is just as valuable as being observed. If a colleague comes into your room and provides feedback, set up a time to do the same in their classroom. Set Specific Goals and Measure Your Progress This is as simple as using the same advice we give our students: In order for goals to be most effective, they need to be specific. Specific goals give you a clear objective and can be more easily chunked into steps. While setting goals independently is perfectly fine, consider involving a colleague or partner who can hold you accountable in the process. For more on goal setting, check out How To Turn Teaching Goals Into Teaching Habits. A partner can also help you measure your progress. With your open door policy, you will be able to find someone willing to come in and see if you’re meeting your goals. Devise a way to measure your progress beforehand. For example, try using anecdotal notes, in the form of a chart or graph, or a formal coaching cycle. Use what you have available and what is easiest for you to understand and reflect on. Find a Mentor or Create a PLC Whether you are a 25-year veteran, a fresh first-year teacher, or somewhere in between, it's very useful to have a mentor. A good mentor is a valuable guide, someone you can bounce ideas off of and turn to when you’re struggling with a student, class, parent, or administrator. It can be intimidating, but don’t be afraid to ask a teacher you admire or like to be your mentor. The great thing about mentorship is that it can a be flexible relationship - as ad hoc or involved as you need it to be. Once you have found a mentor, set aside regular time to watch them in action both in the classroom and in other situations. Bring a notebook or note-catcher and take lots of notes! If your schedules don’t allow for you to be in each other’s classrooms, you can film yourselves and set a time to review the videos. You don’t have to limit yourself to one mentor - you can even create a formal or informal professional learning community (PLC) to engage other colleagues in the process. You can help each other improve by setting up a regular observation and feedback cycle. Observational Learning Walks Learning walks are another way to get into other teachers’ classrooms and observe a lesson. It is important to remember that a learning walk is not an evaluation tool, but rather a way to see what methods other teachers are using and how students respond to those methods. Because it is a structured observation, it is important that the teachers participating in the learning walk have clear objectives. For example, observers could be looking for how a teacher uses learning targets within their lesson. Learning walks should be followed by structured time for teachers to share what they saw and devise a plan for how they will improve their own instruction based on their observations. Learning walks should be non-invasive. This means that observers entering the classroom does not disrupt the flow or intrude on the lesson. It can take time to build a culture in which students understand and know to keep working even if there are multiple teachers coming into their classroom. Letting students know that the purpose of the walks is to help other teachers improve can go a long way. It helps students recognize that everyone in the school is working on improving and strengthening their practices. Find Professional Development Conferences There are many, many opportunities for professional development across the country and throughout the year. If your school provides a budget, take advantage of it and commit to finding one conference or seminar that is relevant to helping you improve your practice. If you’re not sure where to start, look at your curricula. Which curricula are you still having difficulty implementing or seeing results with? Go to a conference focused on your curriculum! If you don’t have a budget, look for grants. There are many opportunities to receive funding. Resources like the NEA Foundation have lists of available grants, but even a quick search on the internet will yield a lot of genuine results! Commiting to one conference a year will give you something to look forward to and get you in the room with lots of other brilliant educators. Each of these strategies has been shown to help teachers improve their instruction. Start with one strategy that feels accessible to you and make it a regular practice. Invite others into your classroom. They’ll bring, experience, feedback, skills and company. You will feel stronger and you’ll be making those around you stronger too. What do you have to lose? What are your growth strategies? Share with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. Mikaela Prego is an elementary educator from Massachusetts. She spent the last 3 years teaching 4th grade in Colorado, now she is back teaching in Massachusetts. Her favorite subjects to teach are math, science and social studies and she is a huge fan of putting the students in charge of as much of their learning as possible. You can follow her classroom (@whoareweintheworld) on Instagram.

The Frog Life Cycle Process - 878 Words

The Frog Life Cycle In Biology, we know the term metamorphosis which is the transformation process of animal’s body structure from the immature one to the adult form. This transformation process is done through cell growth and differentiation. This process usually happens in some insect’s life, such as butterfly. But there’s also amphibian, like frogs, which is also do metamorphosis in their life cycle. Frogs have some phases in their life cycle, part of the metamorphosis, which is interesting to be learned. Frog’s life cycle begins from eggs. The adult frog may lay a mass of eggs. Frog will lay their eggs in static water to keep it from destruction. Not all of the eggs would turn into a frog later; there are some chances the eggs†¦show more content†¦eggs hatch - after 10 days Then those eggs enter the next phase. III. On the next phase, the embryo in the egg will leaves its jelly shell and becomes tadpole. A. Physical body of tadpoles - have a long tail - body covered with external gills B. external gills change - skin grow over the externall gills - changed with gill sac C. Tadpoles’ food - Use its tiny teeth - Eat algae - Use a relatively long, spiral-shaped gut for digesting food - Based on Wikipedia They will grow and have some transformation later. IV. After 6 weeks, several of tadpole’s body parts have shown some changes. A. Physical appearance - front legs are formed - hind legs visible later - lungs quickly formed B. Diet - transformation of digestive system - diet change - dead insect Tadpoles will soon grow and change into frogs. V. By twelve weeks, tadpoles will become more like frog. A. Physical transformation - Skin thickened - mouth widens and lose gills - develop a big jaw - tail becomes smaller and disappears, legs grow B. Organ change - neural networks inside their body - lung is mostly functioning So, the tadpoles have turned into adult frogs and completed the full growth cycle CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH VI. As you can see, frogs have some metamorphosis phases in their life cycle A. Short process review - begin with masses eggs, produce tadpoles - tadpoles grow legs and lung - turn into a young frogs - become adultShow MoreRelatedThe Taxonomy of a Frog Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesBy dissecting a frog, one can observe the many systems that enable a frog to function like many other organisms. The systems that were analyzed through dissection were the epidermis, muscles, digestive, urogential, circulatory, and respiratory system. All systems, including the skeletal, and nervous system, were compared to organisms rudimentary and advanced to the frog. The life cycle and taxonomy of a frog were also researched during this lab. Through frog dissection, an individual may expand theirRead MoreEssay on Case Study631 Words   |  3 Pages1. How do frog’s activities affect its ability to (a) maximize the fit with customer needs, (b) minimize development cycle time, and (c) control development costs? a) As many products fail to produce an economic return because they do not fulfill customer requirements, involving customers in development process affect its ability to maximize the fit with customer needs. It can help a firm ensure that its new products match customer expectations. The customer is often the one most able to identifyRead MoreFactors That Affect Water Loss Rates Essay943 Words   |  4 Pagesmetabolic state becomes at risk (Pough et al. 1983). As with movement rates, water loss rates are species specific. The northern leopard frog has a higher loss rate than the marine toad due to the northern leopard frog’s higher diffusion rate of water through their permeably skin (Bentley Yorio 1976). Also, toads typically live a more terrestrial life than most frogs and therefore have developed mechanisms to reduce water losses. Land-cover type and associated micro-environments play a big role inRead MoreThe World s Greatest Quest1329 Words   |  6 Pagesyouth i n America to man s advancement in medicine and technology to not only extend human life but also endeavor to ensure quality of life. There is hope for those that seek the impossible and that is the science of Cryonics. Cryonics is a relatively new technology that lets those who can afford have the chance to be frozen when they have reached the end of their lives for the possibility of a longer life when technology advances. This paper will show the technology and recorded effects of thisRead MoreCell Systems And Their Function1461 Words   |  6 PagesUnicellular organisms are organisms containing only one cell such as bacteria and some algae. These types of organisms performs all of the process necessary for life using only a single cell. Multicellular organisms, on the other hand, are organisms that consists of more than one cell. These type of organisms require organ systems to carry out the life process. Organ systems are group of anatomical structures that work together to perform a specific function or task. These anatomical structuresRead MoreModel Organisms Essay760 Words   |  4 Pagesable to gain valuable insight into the developmental processes of many complex vertebrates, including humans. Model organisms are used to study embryonic development for several reasons. These organisms have shared characteristics including short life spans and generation intervals, rapid development, and easily distinguished embryos, which make them ideal experimental targets. Through the mapping of developmental processes and similarities between the model organisms and other major vertebrateRead MoreA Feedback Loop Is A Response Mechanism That Influences The Continued Activity Of That System1394 Words   |  6 Pagesthirst is then outputted. Once water has been consumed, the system stabilizes again. This process falls under the Negative feedback category because it is working to diminish obstruction of an essential set point-which in this case is the body’s water ratio. In other respects, Positive feedback can be identified in the process of child birth because the cycle is being amplified to reach the child’s birth. The process begins with the child’s head which pushes against the Cervix. The stretch receptors inRead MoreShould We Save Endangered Species?1740 Words   |  7 PagesShould more be done to protect and preserve endangered animals? The reasons for saving endangered species might seem obvious to many people, but many question why we should save a species from dying out. Isn t this part of the process of natural selection? Is there any environmental benefit to preserving a dying species? For some it s a question with an obvious answer, for others... it requires some thought. What benefit is there to saving an endangered species from dying out? This article outlinesRead MoreMitosis And Meiosis Of Eukaryotic Organisms1101 Words   |  5 PagesThe cell is the basic unit of all life. All living things-- tigers, trees, elephants, and men-- are made up of cells. A cell is alive-- as alive as you are. It breathes, takes in food, and gets rid of waste. It grows and reproduces, or cre ates one of its own kind. (Garrod 36) Most cells reproduce by dividing, so that there are two cells where there once was one. (Akkas 78) Every living thing is made up of one or more cells, and each of these cells was produced by an already existing cell. New cellsRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1151 Words   |  5 Pagesused to try to make human life better and to progress in the world of medicine. The remaining animals are used as test dummies for all other products. Hundreds of thousands of animals are experimented on one another to figure out the results and dangers of products such as cosmetics, other personal care items, and cleaning supplies. Experiments and research are also done to advance in the science world. In most science classes today students will dissect animals such as frogs, piglets, cats and etc

Sociology Is The Scientific Study Of Society And Human...

According to the Marriam Webster dictionary, the simple definition of sociology is â€Å"the study of society, social institution, and social relationships. Based on the textbook, â€Å"sociology is the scientific study of society and human behavior† (G-6). Through the two definitions, one can deduce that the study of Sociology is a discipline that explains and analysis the human culture in terms of their social relationships and social institutions. Sociology is a study that explains the social world which human beings live in and how it shapes their lives. According to my personal experience, sociology is a truly exciting discipline to study. It taught and helped me understand how human actions can both shape and be shaped by social structure and the surrounding culture. Sociology can open your eyes and mind to understand what is truly going on in the world. Of course, by studying sociology you also begin to see the corruption in the world and how unfair life truly is. Even though society is moving forward through woman rights and labor rights, we still live in a world full of inequality and discrimination towards gender, race, and age. There is also an unfair distribution of money, power, and prestige among the people. Sociology does not only give you knowledge of the world and teach you about politics and economy, population and urbanization, it also examines and explains life on a social level. Social level meaning, poverty, wealth, stratification and social class, socialShow MoreRelatedSociology Is A Scientific Study Of Society And Human Behavior909 Words   |  4 PagesSociology is a scientific study of society and human behavior. One of the biggest component of sociology is culture as it distinguishes human groups from each other. Culture encompasses language, beliefs, values, norms and material objects which are passed down from generation to generation. Culture is highly influenced by the music as it does a great job of binding different soci eties together. In fact, if one were to compare them both, it would be passable to say that music is a form of cultureRead MoreWhat is Psychology?925 Words   |  4 Pagesdefined as the study of consciousness. From about 1930 to1970, the definition of psychology changed with dealing more with the scientific study of behavior. From about 1970 on, psychology was defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. However, according to nowadays definition of psychology, it could be defined as the study of the behavior and human mind. Factors which influencing our behavior include physical, emotions, thoughts and social. It can help to solve humans’ problemsRead MoreEssay Positivists 1421 Words   |  6 Pagesapplying methods of natural sciences in sociology . For them, reality exists independently of the human mind and nature is made up of objective, observable, physical facts that are external to our minds. They believe that like matter, humans are directed by a n external stimuli-the society-and they act accordingly (example: functionalism, Marxism). By analyzing quantitative data, positivists simply seek to discover laws of cause and effect that determine human behavior. One of the first positivists, AugustRead MoreLike Any Scientific Discipline, Sociology Has Its Own Object1455 Words   |  6 PagesLike any scientific discipline, sociology has its own object and subject of research. The object is understood as the sphere of reality that is to be studied, and to this the research is directed. Consequently, the object of sociology is society. But society is explored by many disciplines, such as history, philosophy, economics, political science, etc. At the same time, each of the named social sciences distinguishes its specific aspects, the properties of the object, which become the subject ofRead MoreSociology And The Theoretical Perspectives Of Sociology1710 Words   |  7 PagesSociology is seen every day in our lives as humans, it is the scientific study of human behavior and society. The idea of sociology has not been around forever. The term sociology comes from a man named Auguste Comte who takes credit for this study. Not only did Comte com e up with this idea but there were several things that influenced the study of Sociology and how we view it today. These influences are called the origins of sociology and they include; new idea or discipline, Industrial RevolutionRead MoreCritical Theory, Functionalism And Symbolic Interactionism Essay1351 Words   |  6 PagesIn sociology, there are three major theories; critical theory, functionalism and symbolic interactionism. These theories express the structure of society in which each theory looks at a different aspects of sociology. Sociologists apply these theories in the study of society, but it becomes difficult if only one theory is applied. For that one applied theory, would only look at the aspect to which it is confined to. To successfully study sociology all three theories must be applied together. CriticalRead Morefactors that contributed to the rise and development of sociology1511 Words   |  7 Pagescontributed to the rise of sociology and the latter`s development. In simply terms, sociology is the scientific study of the society and human behavior. The emergence of sociology traces back to the eighteenth century up to present day. Johnson (1998) suggests that in summary, the rise and development of sociology is based on political, economic, demographic, social and scientific changes. Ritzer (2008) asserts that the immediate cause for the beginning of sociology were political unrests especiallyRead MoreSociology and The Natural Sciences Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesSociology is the study of society as well as the pursuit of knowledge regarding human social activities however, the entity’s legitimacy as a science is a concept worth discussion. Although sociology is different at face value than the natural sciences, the two possess fundamental similarities by which problems are recognized and explained. With the explanation of why sociology is a science, the next step would be to specify what type of science sociology is and how it relates to the natural sciencesRead MoreEssay on Sociology and Social Sciences1144 Words   |  5 Pagesseven social sciences (anthropology, economics, geography, history, political science, psychology, and sociology) according to what you believe is their importance and influence on the people in a modern society. Answer: 1.Psychology (How humans think influences most, if not all of the social sciences.)   2.Sociology (This helps figure out how society thinks. If you understand how society thinks, you can improve it.)   3.Political Science (Politics runs every country.)   4.History (This helpsRead Morefounding fathers of sociology1117 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Sociology can be defined as the scientific study of society and human behavior. It tries to acquire knowledge about society, and about how the humans making up these societies interact with each other. Auguste Comte was the first true father of sociology. He was the person who coined the term â€Å"sociology†. Other sociologist who can also be called the founding fathers of sociology include Weber, Marx, Engels and Durkheim. In this essay I will be looking at where these sociologists came from and the

The concepts of motivation and learning become a crucial part Free Essays

Through the study of Psychology we find that the concepts of motivation and learning become a crucial part of our development and growth.   A continual cycle of need and fulfillment, it is that which compels us, as individuals, to seek out goals and the means by which we achieve those goals.   Motivation and learning does not end in the abstract but accompanies us throughout the complexities of real life experiences. We will write a custom essay sample on The concepts of motivation and learning become a crucial part or any similar topic only for you Order Now    In settings like that of the classroom or workplace we may be exposed to an array of new opportunities. To further our need for growth we may explore the resources of undertaking a second language or learn the latest product information in order to market a new wireless communication service plan.   Does this mean we will automatically accept such ventures merely because they exist or do we remain solely within the boundaries of satisfying our needs?   Throughout the following we will examine those experiences and discuss various theories as they relate to the concepts of motivation, learning and the connection thereof. Motivation is by all means an awakening of our individual needs and desires.   Though its concept may be construed as vague, it is our needs that drive us to act and react through both internal and external stimuli.   Food, money, status and love can be determining factors in human motivation.   As such, ones motivation is relatively a manifestation of our experience and environment. (â€Å"Managerial Psychology†, 1989, pp. 22-35) Clinician A.H. Maslow (1954) believed such needs should be classified in terms of a hierarchy system defining different levels of needs.   As each need evolves and satisfaction is obtained a higher need will inevitably develop. Suffice to say, the concept of motivation must first occur before action or direction can be achieved.   By applying theory to real world instances, we can more readily understand the guiding forces that stir our motivations. We begin by examining the need and drives of individuals within a classroom setting.   What as students incites us to seek higher learning of that which was previously unknown?   Take for example, a student who undertakes second language learning.   Though at times such coursework may be required, more often than none it is the student who initiates the process and at the very least retains control over which language they choose to learn. The need can be induced by nothing more than the need to fulfill ones own goals and potential.   Maslow’s (1954) Self-Actualization Theory details how an individuals unique potential entices them to further develop their own capabilities.   (Buck, 1988, pp. 32-34)   A student may seek the knowledge gained by second language learning simply because the mastery of their primary language has been so great that they are confident in their abilities to achieve a far more superior challenge. The need for belonging may also play a key role in our motivations to set goals of second language learning.   Maslow (1954) concluded the absence of friends or family can guide how strongly our need for group placement overtakes our actions.   This type of motivation can become the single most important part of our life. (â€Å"Managerial Psychology†, 1989, p. 27) Individuals who find themselves, for whatever reason, residing in foreign locations may often incur problems with communication and development of new friendships because they are unfamiliar with the existing language.   For this reason, many who immigrate, work diligently to comprehend the language as determined by the inhabitants of their new geographic location and the need to fit within that group. Just as we find within the classroom, the workplace can also delegate various stimuli that prod our motivations.   Let us say that our employer offers us the opportunity to learn essential features of a new wireless communication service plan.   What influences our decision to accept the offer?   One theory states that motivation may arise out of the need for fulfillment of self-esteem issues. In other words, we desire attributes that lead to self-respect, respect of others, status, achievement, reputation and appreciation.   Discouraging this type of need, could lead an individual to experience feelings of inferiority and weakness. (â€Å"Managerial Psychology†, 1989, p. 27)   We may accept the opportunity set forth mainly as a means to gain recognition from our employer and co-workers.   In turn, such recognition may increase our chances at a higher status as viewed within the company. On the other hand, achievement alone can serve to propel us towards new endeavors.   According to McClelland’s (1988) Theory of Achievement Motivation, individuals with this type of need often overload themselves with difficult challenges yet their goals are obtainable.   These challenges are usually underscored by the need for feedback and assessment of their performance.   A prime example may be those individuals we stereotype as a â€Å"workaholics.†Ã‚   These individuals may be seen as the â€Å"movers and shakers† within their respective fields.   They are by all means, the employees who are known and relied upon to complete the tasks at hand and who are driven solely by their need for accomplishment. Once we have been stimulated by motivations the need must then be fulfilled.   The act of learning is inherent to us from the moment of birth provoking change that can be temporary or long term.   Through learning we seek to absorb the necessary knowledge that allows us to reach the desired result.   Learning may take on a wide range of forms and can be influenced by several factors including, but not limited to, social class, environment and of course motivation. (Howe, 1984, pp. 7-10) While the process of learning may differ between classroom and workplace, the act itself remains constant.   If we examine are previous examples of second language learning and the sale of wireless communication service plans, we can theorize as to which process may be best suited to each venture. Second language learning as with the majority of school learning requires the systematic approach of beginning first with basic comprehension and gradually increasing each subsequent level until the final objective is achieved.   As with motivation, we may associate a hierarchical process of learning with that of a classroom setting. The hierarchical aspects of learning set forth by Gagne (1970) are based on the idea that previous knowledge and experience influences future learning.   Thus, the learner must first acquire lesser skills before developing advanced capabilities.   (Howe, 1984, p. 11)   To simplify this theory, we can say a student though unfamiliar with the language at hand has already achieved the ability to understand concepts of phonetics, grammatical rule and sentence structure. By furthering those concepts and advancing skill, the motivated student will eventually achieve fluency. Another theory suggests that there are three separate modes of learning known as Accretion, Structuring and Tuning. (Rumelhart Norman, 1978)   Similar to aspects of hierarchy, Accretion combines new knowledge with previous experience.   Structuring allows new concepts to formulate, while Tuning thrives within a practical setting.   It is also noteworthy to mention that of all three modes, Tuning has the slowest turn around.   This most certainly is due generous amount of time needed to practice and hone learned skills. In more basic terms these modes can be viewed in the context of a generated mental cycle of acquisition, formulation and application.   As students we are taught from an early age that it is only by study and rote application of the knowledge that we will ultimately achieve success.  Ã‚   This is especially true in the sense of academics and the concept of second language learning. In the workplace, the process of learning may vary somewhat from that of the classroom.   However different, the processes are undoubtedly relative to one another.   One theory we may equate with the workplace is the Experiential Learning Theory formulated by Rogers. (1996) Rogers theorized that through this classification of learning, the needs are addressed by gaining applied knowledge as opposed to academic knowledge and that such learning was synonymous with change and growth. This process of learning would include such qualities as personal involvement, self-initiation and pervasive effects to the learner.  Ã‚   We may choose to learn the product detail and how to sell a new wireless communication service plan simply because it is an area of great personal interest.   We may engage employment prospects solely for the benefit of fulfilling the need and yet we are further rewarding by putting into action all that we have learned.   Through employment not only do we obtain the skills necessary to achieve this goal, we are then able to put those skills into action.   Growth in this situation could be immense. A second theory that lends itself to the workplace is the Functional Context approach to learning.   (Sticht, 1988)   This theory bases itself primarily on the idea that previous knowledge facilitates new knowledge through association while emphasizing real life problem-solving and learning strategies.   Content of the instruction is delivered in such a way that it will be meaningful to the learner. Additionally, educational materials for this type of learning are generally designed for the learners’ reference once training has been completed.   Employment training classes are a good example of this theory.   Much like in Experiential Learning, we are given both the knowledge to succeed and the avenue in which to apply that knowledge. If we take for instance, an individual who has been employed by the same wireless communications company for some time and that individual suddenly decides to change his/her position from administration to sales, it is safe to say they will in be required to attend additional training sessions.   Since the individual in all likelihood has already gained a considerable amount of knowledge pertaining to new company products and wireless communication plans, they will be able to associate their previous experience with the new concepts being instilled. In conclusion, while we may regard motivation and learning as two separate entities, their effects when combined cannot be diminished. As humans we are bombarded by stimuli that urge us to seek fulfillment of our awakened needs. Such needs make it possible us to determine our future goals and avoid stagnation.   Motivation and learning, for all intent and purpose, allows us to achieve those goals and to further our growth in both personal and professional terms. Reference List Boje, D.M. Leavitt, H.J. Pondy, L.R. (Eds.). (1989).   Motivation:   The Driving Force.   In Readings in Managerial Psychology (4th Ed.) (pp. 20-35).   Chicago:   Chicago Press, LTD. Buck, R. (1988).   Maslows Hierarchy of Motives. In Human Motivation and Emotion (2nd Ed.) (pp. 32-34).   New York:   John Wiley Sons Howe, M.J.A. (1984).   Learning Takes Many Forms.   In A Teachers Guide to the Psychology of Learning (pp. 7-10).   Oxford:   Basil Blackwell, Inc. McClelland, D. (1988)   Human Relations Contributors.   Retrieved on November 17, 2006, from http://www.accel-team.com/human_relations/hrels_06_mcclelland.html How to cite The concepts of motivation and learning become a crucial part, Essay examples

Operation And Performance Of Turbine Engineâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Operation And Performance Of Turbine Engine? Answer: Introducation The turbine engine is a system that is composed of numerous auxiliary subsystems and turbomachinery. Air gets into the compressor section which is propelled by a component of the turbine and is located on the equivalent shaft. Air leaves from the compressor at a pressure that is high and gets into the chamber of combustion, where the fuels chemical energy is converted into a thermal energy hence releasing the gas of combustion at a temperature that matches to the temperature of the turbine inlet design. The gas of combustion expands in the following components of the turbines where the total accounting is converted partially into the exit kinetic energy and shaft work Turbine Engine Operating Cycles The four constant and continuous events are the exhaust, intake, expansion, and compression. These cycles are discussed depending on their application on the engine of the gas turbine. Intake cycle: During the cycle of intake, air gets in at constant volume and ambient pressure. The air will then escape from the intake at a decreased volume and increased pressure(Anderson, 2009). Compression cycle: This cycle takes place at the compressor where the air is gotten from the intake at a higher pressure which is more than the ambient and a lower volume. Air is then compressed by the compressor and then leaves the compressor at a decreased volume and increased pressure. This action is as a result of compressors mechanical action. Expansion: This cycle takes place in the chamber of combustion through fuel burning which increases Businessvolume of air through heating which the pressure remaining constant. The gases expanding move in the rear direction through the assembly of the turbine and are changed to mechanical energy from the velocity energy(El-Sayed, 2013, p. 187). The section of exhaust is involved in the conversion of the decreasing pressure and expanding the volume of the gases to a resultant velocity which is high. Operation of Turbine Engine Engine start: The engine is started by rotating the compressor by the use of a starter, turning on the ignition, and then opening the valve of engine fuel. The procedure of starting up the engine may be aborted if the temperature limit of the exhaust gas is exceeded or if the engine does not light up within the allowed duration(Farokhi, 2015, p. 247). Engine shut down: The fuel supply is cut off by the power lever or throttle of the aircraft for the turbine engines which do not have thrust reverser making the engine to shut down. The turbine wheels and turbine case function at relatively similar temperature during the running of the engine. The case of the turbine is exposed to the air for cooling from outside and inside the engine. Therefore, the wheels and case lose their heat at different levels after the shutting down of the engine(Thomas W Wild, 2012, p. 159). Crash process The crash process happens when the engine of the turbine is an aircraft stop to give out thrust or production of power unexpectedly because of malfunction and exhaustion of fuel. In case of the failure of engine, the aircraft, it is frequently possible for the pilot to go into autorotation, using the rotor that is not powered to slow the descent of the aircraft and give control measures normally allowing for the emergency landing that is safe given the absence of engine power(Thomas W Wild, 2012, p. 168). During the shutdown of the engine, the landing with persuasion is normally carried out with the airport rescue equipment and fire placed close to the runway. After the landing of the aeroplane, the personnel of the department of fire help with inspecting the areophane to make sure that it is safe before it moves to its position of parking. References Anderson. marketing. Propulsion Plant Accident Investigation. Michigan: Springer Publishers. El-Sayed, A. F. (2013). Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines. Paris: management. Farokhi, S. (2015). Aircraft Propulsion. Colorado: John Wiley Sons. Thomas W Wild, M. J. (2012). Aircraft Powerplants, Eighth Edition. London: McGraw Hill Professional.

Spontaneous Human Combustion Essays - Combustion, Forteana

Spontaneous Human Combustion Spontaneous Human Combustion The world is full of the unexplained and mysterious, but is spontaneous human combustion truly spontaneous caused by the paranormal, or just simply human combustion? Most people think of spontaneous human combustion, or SHC, as ...the reduction of an otherwise normal, healthy human body to a pile of fine black ash, the consistency of which is finer than that of a cremated corpse (Spontaneous). This is simply not true. First of all, it is not complete consumption because in most cases extremities and internal organs remain because the high temperature outside the body does not penetrate internally. Secondly, the fact that the ash is so fine is often used by SHC proponents as to why the fire must by paranormal. They say that the fire has to be extremely hot because even in a crematorium calcified bones often remain, but this fine ash can also be attributed to simple combustion. To learn more about SHC and how it works we must take a look at the victims. Victims of SHC are mainly elderly females that smoke. Almost all the victims have weight problems. They are often at least overweight. It must be understood that no well-documented cases of infant SHC have ever been reported. Some researchers say that there is ...a fairly equal representation of the sexes among the victims, with ages ranging from infancy to 114 years; many were abstemious and thin (Mysteries 80). To get a personal opinion on this matter, one must research this kind of information for themselves since much of it can be misconstrued. Some may believe the SHC phenomenon has only been around for the past few decades but ...spontaneous human combustion (SHC) began to appear in medical reports as far back as the 17th century... (Mysteries 80). Rare and abnormal deaths caused by fire were just as common back in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as they are nowadays. To find a logical explanation scientists looked for a common thread in the cases. This common thread seemed to be alcohol. During this Victorian era, an evil of the Christian society was drink. SHC ...was viewed as a sort of a moral punishment for drunkenness (Cohen 195). Since the cause of SHC was believed to be drinking, many had oral remedies for SHC. In Germany the common people had great faith in liquid manure as a preventive for spontaneous combustion... (Bondeson 7). If you lived in Scandinavia at that time you may have had heard of an even more unlikely preventive. Swedish and Norwegian folklore prescribed human urine, preferably freshly void ed by a woman, to be thrown into the mouth of a flowing drunkard... (Bondeson 7). During this Victorian era SHC became popular in literature. Mark Twain was one writer who popularized SHC in his book, Life on the Mississippi, during early America. Jimmy Finn was not burned in a calaboose, but died a natural death in a vat of a combination of delirium tremens and spontaneous combustion. (quoted in Cohen 192). Charles Dickens also wrote about SHC in his book, Bleak House, and he attributed it to alcohol. Dickens described the death of the drunken man, Krook, in the following manner: Here is a small burnt patch of flooring; here is the tender from a little bundle of burnt paper, but not so light as usual, seeming to be steeped in something; and here is- is it the cinder of a small charred and broken log of wood sprinkled with white ashes, or is it coal, O Horror, he is here! and this, from which we run away, striking out the light and overturning one another into the street, is all that represents him. (quoted in Cohen 193) Dickens was so avid about the topic that when the book was reprinted, a slip was added that quoted Dickens on his support of SHC. It can only be believed that alcohol would have only attributed to the death but did not directly cause it. There has been a lot of paranormal phenomenon that has been used to explain alleged spontaneous human combustion. Cases of individuals capable of generating explosive bursts of electrical energy by manipulating internal organs appear throughout the world and... amongst the Chinese and Pacific

Identify the factors that contribute to a diverse society Essays

Identify the factors that contribute to a diverse society Essays Identify the factors that contribute to a diverse society Paper Identify the factors that contribute to a diverse society Paper Culture Culture is the way of life in a particular society or group of people including their belief, behaviour, dress, and language. Culture also when you born or growth up the place you learn the way of living. Culture sometimes a person learns from his family or surrounding when he growth up. A child born in UK and growth in Africa he should learn African culture, such as the food he eat, the music he listen and the dress what he wear. Every society has a different culture where people share a specific language, traditions, behaviour and belief. Everyone have to respect others culture. For example Indian people have their own culture the way they dressed and the food they cook also music and dance. Ethnicity Ethnicity is the group of people identity with or feels they belong to. Ethnic is the measure of culture, language, dress, nationality or citizenship. Ethnic group in the United Kingdom include English, Indian, Pakistan, Irish, Scottish and African. Ethnic should be understands from the biological aspect and cultural aspect. Different ethnics may different dress differently, speak differently and eat different food. For example white people look at black people the way not treat them fairly that could happen discrimination. Race Race is refers to people based on their biological characteristics such as colour of skin, colour of hair, eye colour and facial feature. Faith/Religion Religion is identifying the way of life. There are different types of religion in the world, such as Christian, Muslim, Jewish, Buddhism and catholic. They are their own celebrating like Christian can celebrate Easter and Jewish people celebrate Passover. Religion emphasizes the importance of being good and of being right all religions try to make human being better life. Sometimes discrimination can happen in the religions when people assume that their religion is right than the others and that everyone could believe in and follow them. Gender Gender is biological differences in male and female weather we born boys or girls. Before men has more responsibility than women. Woman does house work and men can do outside house such as office work. In this time woman have to right work but still have responsibility to look after their children. For example two couples working full time and when they came home the woman has cook dinner and the men watching TV. Sexuality We all have our own sexuality. Sexuality is a complex aspect of our personality and self. Some people should change their sexuality because they are not fell comfort they become heterosexual, homosexual or bio sexual. Sometimes because of peers or society they try to other sexuality. For many peoples difficult to decide who you are or what you want in your sexuality, because of their strict family or religion belief also the country where they live. For example in Africa if you are a gay or lesbian you cannot stay in the country they will kill you. But in UK you can married and have children. Age Age is important factors in today`s society there is a different type of age children, teenager, adult and old age. For example if you are not 18 years old you cannot buy alcohol. If you are 16-24 years old have more chance to get education, course and job opportunity that who is adult. For example two people apply for a job one the age of 45 and the other 24 they have equal qualification and the older one have more experience .But the company decide to take the younger one because the manager think he can work more and stay long time in the company. Social class Social class is the person`s income and what job they are doing and the way of living and the amount of money they have. A few people in the upper class have inherited wealth they are upper class even they are not working. Middle class is the majority of the population such as industrial, professional, businessmen and shop owner. The lower class are who is working in the factory, hotel and in agriculture.

The Christian Building and the Jewish Synagogue Essay

The Christian Building and the Jewish Synagogue - Essay Example The Dura-Europos synagogue is referred to by some as "Pompeii of the Syrian Desert†, due to the remarkable preservation it underwent. The Dura exhibited a rectangular shape of the grid, and was located in close proximity with the central agora streets.The location of the Dora on the main crossroads made it a cosmopolitan city, according to inscriptions with multiple languages, together with numerous religious buildings for Jews, Pagans, and Christians that lay side by side (Davies and Whitehead 175). Dura Europos was abandoned after the Sassanian siege that took place between 254 and late 256. During the last gasp of saving the city, the synagogue got filled in in-order to make a fortress, thus facilitating its preservation. This was followed by eventual covering of the city with shifting sands that caused its disappearance. Architectural PortraitThe Dura Europos was largely made of the mud-brick architecture, but its siege works and walls had the dramatic remains that combined with the precipitous views on the Euphrates green valley that made for the striking sight (Olin 10). Being a cosmopolitan society, the Dura-Europos exhibited many inscriptions of different origins, including Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Safaic and the Palmyrenean. Among the Dura Euporos homes, there were three that were converted for religious purposes. For instance, the Mithraem was dedicated to Mithras god worship, and another one had its structure modified to create a synagogue for the Jews (Feugere 723).

Conducting a Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Conducting a Market - Essay Example iPhone is the pioneer smartphone that enhanced the mobile phone users’ experiences with its touchpad feature. iPhone has significantly impacted the market share of all leading mobile phones worldwide and has been successful in developing a loyal customer base (Keller, 120). Hence, the paper will analyse the success of iPhone in the smartphone industry and the customer perception about iPhone to gain a deeper understanding about the strategy followed by Apple to exceed the expectations of its customers and make them loyal to the brand. Research objectives Since the foremost goal of the research is to determine the customer perception about Apple’s iPhone, the main research objectives that are addressed in this paper are as follows: 1. To determine the best features of iPhone 2. To identify the customer loyalty level with iPhone 3. To analyse the factors that created a distinctive image of iPhone in the market Importance of the study With the help of the study, an underst anding about the elements that form the customer perception about a brand will be identified. This research will allow the evaluation of various factors that have been the source of Apple’s success. When the marketing strategies of top-ranked brands are studied, it assists in analysing the key constituents that are taken into account to create the desired brand image and the steps taken to retain the customer’s attention. By studying the customer perception about iPhone, the research provided details about interesting facts that the company focuses on exceeding the satisfaction level of its prestigious customers. Limitations of the study As there were time and resource... This report stresses that iPhone is considered to be the best brand in the smartphone industry as it has been providing an exceptional experience to the users. With each new breakthrough invention, Apple continues to enhance the customer expectation level; it has definitely an excellent perceived quality which is evident from the growth in number of customers every year. The phone developers have done a marvellous job by creating the smartphones in a simple and easy to use form. However, the company should try to attract the people of old generation by offering them attractive packages. Apple should try to grab their attention by informing them the positive sides of using the smartphone. This paper makes a conclusion that the customer perception about iPhone is strong and positive and they have trust in the brand that they will be offered only genuine and fine quality products which will ensure that they get value for their money for a long period. As the quality of iPhone is durable, there are fewer chances that the customers face any problem when using it; in case of any issue, they can easily contact the company’s representative who will resolve the matter as soon as possible. Providing customers the after sales services also impacts the brand image of the product in a positive way. Such value added features increases the chances of customers for making repeat purchases when they plan to buy a similar product in future.

The International Strategy Of Coca Cola Company Marketing Essay

The International Strategy Of Coca Cola Company Marketing Essay In this essay we are going to study about the international strategy of Coca-Cola Company using the IR framework for the Indian market. Coca-Cola Company is world known organisation. The growing market around the world mostly depends upon the technologies, knowledge and integration of market, it clearly demonstrates the flow of knowledge, services, goods and capital through different nations and in which creating the competition on a world-wide basis creating an integrated global space is called globalization (Porter, 1986; Albrow, 1997; Friedman, 1999; Gupta et al, 1999). Its a very challenging task for any organisation to move from domestic market or home market to international market, especially for those organisations which are facing saturated market in their home country (Yip, 2003). The process of globalization is interdependence and integration of countries exchanging different trade, culture, outsourcing, capital investment and the growth of the nations relationship. Busine ss systems, knowledge and unification of culture have led to globalization (Daniels and Krug, 2007). Coca-Cola was invented in 1886 by Dr. John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia (Palazzini, 1989). The main reasons for the global venture are cheap labour, distribution and transportation, communication and information technology, cultural convergence, increasing disposable of the global middle class, extension of IP rights, reduced trade barriers, privatization programs and development of international standards (Stonehouse et al., 2000;Denton and Al-Shamali, 2000). India was rated the top international investment opportunity among 30 emerging markets for mass merchant and food retailers looking to expand globally (Business Credit, 2006).. After losing the Indian market previously the company re-entered in the Indian market in 1993 and now have 7000 distributors and more than 1.3 million retailers in Indian market. Today the Coca-Cola Company is the leading non-alcoholic beverage company with ten different products. Coca-Cola Company is now the largest distributor, manufacturer, mar keter of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrup which operate in around 200 countries (coca-cola, 2010). If its international venture is successful then the brand name and the brand value increases for the company. Literature review: A Company operating internationally faces two forces of pressure of local responsiveness and pressure of global integration (Daniels et al, 2009). In 1987 Prahlad and Doz came with a IR framework on internationalization, their IR framework created a big platform for the study on global business which helps to form an international strategy that has multi dimensional contextual setting. IR framework has limitations for the global industrial competition specified only for the first stage, vagueness in the concept that defines the bond between industry forces and finally lack of proof for supporting the framework (Rugman et al, 2006). Bartlett and Ghoshal (2008) further studied and came with some additions in IR framework and came up with 4 strategies that are international, global, transitional and multi-domestic approaches to the foreign market. The Global Strategy adopted by Coca-Cola can be critically analyzed using the IR (Integration/ Responsive) framework proposed by Bartlett, Gh oshal and Beamish (2008) and Hill(2009). Figure 1: IR- Framework ` The global standardization products and services focus on huge profit, but they compromise on their products price. The marketing research, production and research are done in precise regions with some certain standard and it is sold globally. So those type of products face a huge pressure in reducing the price according to the place where it is sold for example Intel, a chip company (Hill, 2009). According to Bartlett and Ghoshal (2002), a solution for the cross border business is Transnational, which is considered as the important approach for the international market. The transnational strategy gives a lot of pressure to the company for cost reduction and local responsiveness. This could be achieved by transferring the precise skills and expectations of the company from the home country to the needs of the foreign country, where they compete with the local market with reduced price for example Caterpillar (Hill, 2009). Entry Modes: Every organisation looks for the opportunity to expand their business across borders, and finding the appropriate entry mode is an intricate task for international business. Different organisation chose different entry modes, to control foreign operation with strategic decision making and which are compatible with the laws of government and culture of the country. There are various modes for entering in the international market like exporting, licensing, franchising, joint ventures with the host country firm, acquisition, and wholly owned new subsidiary in the foreign Country (Hill, 2009). Joint Venture: it is one of the method of entering and sharing of ownership between two or more firms. The percentage of the ownership varies according to the organisations. The firms holding majority of share will have a tight control on the strategy (Hill, 2009). International joint venture benefits the firm from the use of local market knowledge of the host country, culture, competitiveness, legal and political system and development. From International Joint Venture the risk can also be shared with the local partner. Joint Venture has disadvantages also when a firm enters into a joint venture it risk giving control of the technology to its partners. Another disadvantage is if the share of joint venture is not that high or 50-50% then it does not give a firm the tight control over subsidiaries that it might need to realize experience curve or location economies (Hill, 2009). Used by PepsiCo to enter in the Indian Market. Acquisition: it is another method of entering into the international market by acquiring or buying and combination of different companies that can aid, finance, or help a company in a given industry without creating a new business entity (Hill. 2009). Used by Coca-Cola to enter Indian market. It is important for the organisation to consider factors such as the nations long run profit potential, the economic benefits of that country, the market size, and purchasing power of consumers and customers which is linked to the economic growth rate when entering in the market (Hill, 2009). Global Strategy of COCA-COLA: (Zhang, 2010) Indian market is one of the major developing economies in the world. The Indian economy is one of the worlds fastest growing, with gross domestic product (GDP) expanding at an average annual rate of about 7.5 percent for the past three years (Choi, 2006; The Economist, 2006) and the retail market expanding 10 percent on average (Business Credit, 2006) (anon). The Indian retail market, an estimated $250 billion annually, is the worlds eighth largest market and is projected to grow by more than 7 percent annually (Embassy of India, 2007-Cited in Halepete, 2008). The Coca-Cola Company is mentioned as a global company with global products and global activities. In 1980 the company was moving towards centralised control. At that time the motive of the company are to be global in order to expand geographical wise into many of the countries in which the company does business today. In 1990 the world began to start smaller and smaller as a town for the global companies. Globalisation forced changes to appear so fast that many countries could hardly manage the new global environment. As a result, the very forces that were making the world more connected and homogeneous were simultaneously triggering and preservation of unique culture identity. The world is demanding greater flexibility, responsiveness, local sensitivity, nimbleness, speed, transparency and local sensitivity had become essential to success (Draft, 2000). Coca-Cola Company sees itself not as a global organization, but as a multi-local enterprise (Svensson, 2001). Coca-Cola Company historical strength came from operating as a multi-local business that for a very long time relies mostly on the insight of local bottling partners. Thats why the global strategy of coca-cola allows its business in more than 200 countries to act according for local laws, local culture, and local needs and so on. Coca-Cola pursues an assumed global strategy, allowing for differences in packaging, distribution, and media that are important to a particular country or geographical area. Hence, the global strategy is localized through a specific geographic marketing plan. Instead of applying a global strategy, it is likely to be a strategy of thinking globally, but acting locally. The global success of Coca-Cola is the direct result of people drinking it one bottle at the time in their own local communities. So we are placing responsibility and accountability in the hands of our colleagues who are closest to those billions of individual sales (Draft, 2000). This signifie s that if their local colleagues develop an idea or a strategy that is the right thing to do locally, and it fits within fundamental values, policies, and standards of integrity and quality of the Coca-Cola Company, then they have the authority and responsibility to do so. At the same time, they will be accountable for the outcomes of the idea or strategy. It is apparent that a company such as the Coca-Cola Company has realized the weaknesses and the deficiencies of applying a genuine or true global strategy approach in their worldwide business activities. To be in high favour of local ultimate consumer adaptations is emphasized as crucial for their business activities to be prosperous. Therefore, their multi-local strategy approach is still going strong and adequately for the companys worldwide business activities. In addition Gould (1995) states that coca-cola has become a part of peoples daily meal, a price at which anyone can buy and it is available to people in any part of the world. The IR framework has been used to critically analyse the global strategy of Coca-Cola. COCA-COLA COMPANY saw that there is an opportunity in Asian market and their home market situation is saturated. COCA-COLA COMPANY decided to re-enter in the Indian market in 1993. Indian government plays a major role in every international company and had a law that any international company have to become a partner in Indian market with an Indian company. To overcome this problem COCA-COLA COMPANY acquisition of local Indian popular brands including the THUMS UP (the most trusted brand in India), Mazza, Gold Sport, Citra and Limca providing a good base not only in bottling, manufacturing and di stribution assets but also very good strong consumer preference(Kaul, 2003). From this acquisition the leading Indian brands join the family of global brand and its products like coca-cola, diet coke and others. From this acquisition Coca-Cola enables to exploit the benefits global branding and global trends in taste while also tapping in other domestic markets (Lane, 1998). Coca-Cola adopted the standardisation strategy to produce and sell its standardised products globally (Rodrigues, 2009). Coca-Cola Company do franchise with the local manufacturing bottling companies through which they have a local response and local touch. In India COCA-COLA COMPANY have 46 bottling plants from which 22 are company own and rest are the franchise operated plant (Coca-Cola, 2010). After re-entering the Indian market in 1993 the COCA-COLA COMPANY operations grown rapidly through a model that supports local business which includes over 1.3 million retailers and over 7000 distributors across the country. Coca-cola has been successful in the global market as well as Indian market because it follows the local strategies and is able to deliver as per the needs of the local people by manufacturing and distribution by the local company (Hill, 2009). In manufacturing the product the water which is used is local from which the customers get the local taste. The company have an approach where in, their business does not get influenced by the area of sales. Rodrigues (2009), states that Coca-Cola pursues the global strategy of producing diverse products as per the local culture. For instance in India people prefer sweeter coke. Also Coca-Cola launched Georgia, a canned coffee specially intended for Indian market which captured 40% of the market soon after its launch (Hill, 2009). According to Cokecce.com (2007), Coca-Cola trains their managers in their management school, to make them aware of the global perspective of their operations. Figure 2: IR-Framework Adapted from (Bartlett, Ghoshal and Beamish (2008) and Hill(2009)) Manufacturing Distribution Process: This picture is to explain the process from the production and manufacturing to the consumers. Marketing is one of the back bones of any global industry in any country. As to stay in the market ahead from the competitors, marketing plays the major role in Indian market for soft drinks. The post- liberalization period in India saw the comeback of Cola but Pepsi(one of the major competitor India) had already beaten Coca-Cola to the punch, creatively entering the market in the 1980s in advance of the liberalization by the way of joint venture. Coca-Cola Company benefited from Pepsi creating demand and developing the market for soft drinks. (Kaul, 2004) Coca-Cola Company marketing strategy is based on 3 As that are Availability, Affordability and Acceptability. The first A is for availability of the product to the customers. The second A is for affordability is for pricing and the third A is for acceptability which stands convincing the customer to buy the product. In 2001 Coca-Cola CEO Douglas Daft set the new direction for next generation of success for global brand with a Think global, act local mantra. Recognizing that a single global strategy or single global campaign wouldnt work, locally relevant executions became an increasingly important element of supporting Cokes global brand strategy. Coca-Cola Company re-examined its approach in an attempt to gain leadership in the Indian market and capitalize on significant growth potential in the rural markets. The foundation the new strategy grounded brand positioning and marketing communications in consumer insight, acknowledging that urban versus rural India were two distinct markets on a variety of important dimensions. (Kaul, 2004) In rural market, where both the soft drink category and individual brands were undeveloped, the task was to broaden the brand positioning while in urban markets, with higher category and brand development, the task was to broaden the brand positioning while in urb an markets, with higher category and brand development, the task to narrow the brand positioning focusing on differentiation through offering unique and compelling value. (Kaul, 2004) Coca-Cola used two different marketing strategies for each urban and rural market. The first marketing life ho to aisi means life as it should be for urban market and the other was thanda matlab coca cola which means cool or cold is coca cola which hit the rural target very highly and gain the market very efficiently because the 96% of the population are in rural and developing cities. Coca-Cola Company reduced its rate for the rural market by providing 200ml bottle so that those customers and consumers whose wages are not so high can also have it. (Kaul, 2004) At the same time, Coke invested in distribution infrastructure to effectively serve a disbursed population and doubled the number of retail outlets in rural areas from 80,000 in 2001 to 160,000 in 2003, increasing market penetration from 13 to 25%. As a result of the marketing campaign, Coca-Cola won Advertiser of the year and Campaign of the year 2003. (Kaul, 2004) Swot analysis of Coca-Cola Company: Strengths: The brand image of coca-cola is very strong around the world and have a strong brand portfolio. Cola-cola brand value was increased by 2% from 2007 to 2008 and it is $66,667 million. Coca-Cola owned top five brands of soft drinks market around the world. Strong brand image allows the company to introduce new flavours in the market like vanilla coke, cherry coke and coke with lemon. The companys strong brand image facilitates customers recall and allows company to penetrate new markets while holding the old ones. Coca-cola Company offers more than 3000 products across the world. Coca-cola Company is running business in more than 200 countries in the world which provide it a strong global image. Due to the strong business model across the world company is able to generate significant cash flows up to $50 million a day. (Data Monitors, 2009) Weakness: Pension assets effect the company liquidity position of the company due to financial market volatility. Coca-cola Company is very mature having significantly more pensioners than active participating members. (Data Monitors, 2009) Opportunity: Globally the non alcoholic ready to drink market is increasing by 6% every year for the next 12 years. (Data monitors, 2009). This project growth is due to the increase in middle-class consumers and fast growing urban societies expected to form in the future. The company can capture this growth with innovative new products with old products. (Data Monitors, 2009) Threats: Coca-Cola Company is largely dependent on the bottling partners across the world. Approximately 78% of its worldwide production was produced and distributed by its bolting partners in 2008. Due to independent bottling partner companies make their own business decision that may not always align with Cola-Cola Company interest. Many of its bottling partners have a right to manufacture or distribute certain products of other beverage companies. In soft drink market there is intense competition and one of the major global competitors of Coca-Cola Company is PepsiCo. Competitive factors impacting companys business include advertising, product innovation, sales promotion programs, brand and trademark development and pricing. Decline in the market share of the home country which means the consumers have started to look for greater variety in their drinks and are becoming health conscious. Other major threat for the soft drink companies is reducing level of water for which the government and WHO is forcing the companies to reduce the level of water used in manufacturing the products. (Data Monitors, 2009) Competitor Analysis: The one of the major competitor in India and in global market is Pepsi. Pepsi entered in the India market in 1980s through joint venture. As early as 1985, Pepsi tried to gain entry into India and finally succeeded with Pepsi foods limited project in 1988 as a joint venture of PepsiCo, Punjab government owned Punjab agro industrial corporation (PAIC) and Voltas India limited (Singh, 1997). Pepsi was marketed and sold to Lehar Pepsi until 1991 when the use of foreign brands was allowed under the new economic policy and Pepsi ultimately bought out its partners becoming a fully owned subsidiary and ending the joint venture relationship in 1994. While the joint venture was only marginally successful in its own right, it allowed Pepsi to gain precious early experience with the Indian market and also served as an introduction of the Pepsi brand to the Indian market and also served as an introduction of the Pepsi brand to the Indian consumer such that it was well poised to reap the benefits when liberalization came (Kaul, 2004). SWOT analysis of PEPSICO: Strengths: The PepsiCo brand is figured at the 27th position in the top 100 global brand rankings of Business Week. The brand value of PepsiCo is $13,249 million in 2008. PepsiCo owns 18 mega brands which are recognise globally and generate annual sales of $1 billion each. In some countries PepsiCo is allowed to manufacture, sell and distribute soft drink products other than PepsiCo, including Dr Pepper and Squirt. PepsiCo have a strong manufacturing and distribution channel having 591 facilities till the end of 2008 and half of it is in USA and Canada. (Data Monitors, 2008) Weakness: The company operates 74.4% of its revenue from its home country USA and the USA market for soft drinks is decreasing. The net profit margin of the company is reduced by 3.9% as compare for the last year. The weak operational growth of the company will affect its future growth plan and can affect the investor confidence. (Data Monitors, 2008) Opportunities: Bottled water is one the fastest growing market globally. PepsiCo has the leading manufacturer and distributor in this market and can capture more market by developing new brands and making better the existing ones. PepsiCo made significant acquisition including two of the other Pepsi bottlers in which one is the eight largest Pepsi bottler in the Pepsi Bottling Group from which they are reducing the partners power slowly. (Data Monitors, 2008) Threats: PepsiCo is facing problem in the home country from where the company is generating the maximum revenue. The consumers are becoming more health conscious. The company is facing intense competition from its competitors mainly the Coca-Cola Company which is one of the major competitors globally. Competitive factors impacting companys business include advertising, product innovation, sales promotion programs, brand and trademark development and pricing. There are new laws from government and World Health Organisation(WHO) to reduce the usage for water in the manufacturing and for labelling, employment, and recycling and product safety. Conclusion: By using the IR framework tool it is evident that Coca-Cola is a global company and doing business in more than 200 countries with a global strategy and a local response. It entered in Indian market due to saturation in the home country market and the growing economies of India. Coca-Cola Company entered the Indian market by acquisition entry method by acquiring Local soft drinks brand like Thumsup, Limca from which gain knowledge about the country soft drink market. The company captured the Indian market majorly through marketing and targeting the rural market which contains the 96% of the population. The company use three A strategy to be to gain more market share. In Indian market Coca-Cola have 46 bottling plants some of them is owned and others are in partnership from which they share the risk, 1.3 million retailers and over 7000 distributors which gives the company a strong base. Business Credit (2006), India tops annual list of most attractive countries for international retail expansion, Business Credit, Vol. 107 No. 7, p. 72. Choi, A. (2006), Eyeing Indias riches: as barriers come down, luxury brands go slow, WWD, March 13. Broken commitments: The case of Pepsi in India. Kavaljit Singh, PIRG Update, May 1997. Interview with Nymph Kaul, 9/20/04 Halepete, J., Iyer, S., and Park, C., S., 2008. Wal-Mart in India: a success or failure: International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 36(9), pp.701-713 Zhang, M., 2010, International Business Management, Nottingham, Nottingham Trent University Kaul, Nymph. Rai University, Coca-Cola India. Keller, Kevin Lane. Strategic Brand Management. Prentice Hall, 1998 Svensson, G., 2001 Glocalization of business activities: a glocal strategy management decision 39/1 pp. 6-18. Kaul, Nymph. Interview of Sanjiv Gupta, President and CEO of Coca-Cola India, June 2004. Gupta, A. K., Govindarajan, V., Malhotra, A. (1999). FEEDBACK-SEEKING BEHAVIOR WITHIN MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS. Strategic Management Journal , 205-222. Rugman, A. M., Collinson, S and Hodgetts, R. M. (2006). International Business. Financial Times Management; 4th Revised edition edition Bartlett, C., S. Ghoshal, and P. Beamish. 2008. Transnational Management. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Enders Game :: essays research papers

Ender’s Game: A Brief Depiction I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Setting:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Staged in mainly four places. Ender Wiggins childhood town, where he is monitored as a prospective third. He is sent to Battle School, which is a satellite of the earth. Then he ends up on Eros where he attends command school and eventually defeats the buggers. He spends the rest of his days with Valentine on the first human colonization, approximately 50 light-years away from Earth.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book takes place in 2190-2200 approx. The advancement of information transportation is significant, in that the ansible is able to transmit information faster than the speed of light, in fact, exactly instantaneous. The starships and fleets they have been able to advance are full on equipped for space and space tugs are similar to barges we have on rivers, and they are used to hull large amounts of materials about space. The fear of buggers is installed within the readers first glance at the book, and maintains constant until the very end when we learn that the buggers are in fact peaceful and loving creatures, unable to communicate that. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Protagonist:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main character, Andrew (Ender) Wiggin is a young child who endures some of the hardest turmoil any human could undergo. He is very brilliant, cunning, paranoid, determined, and above all loving child who becomes mature and eventually saves the world. We see his brilliance from the start and through his days he has become the god-child, and messiah to all who know his name. His paranoia grows steadily throughout the book, due to his lack of trust in any figure he encounters. Any time they show any hint of compassion or any true emotion, ender assumes its all part of the game and plan to make him the best commander alive. His determination comes at us through many different wavelengths. He is at first solely determined to survive against playground bullies. It evolves into winning the battle games and soon after takes a curve and becomes determination to never play the game again. His most admirable trait though, is without fail the love he rarely but deeply shows for Valentine, his sister and partly companion through and through. He often says in the text that he is not a killer and has never meant to hurt anyone, simply to win the fight and never fight it again. He realizes his true love for the queen-bugger when he hosts her into eventually multiple buggers to start a new world of them.

How Are Dreams Proved to Be Futile in of Mice and Men Essay

Dreams in â€Å"Of Mice and Men† is influenced under the poem â€Å"To A Mouse† by Robert Burns and the relationship between the poem and the novel is seen through the build-up to the characters hopes and dreams at the time of the great inflation and how they struggled to keep up with their ambitions. The context in both texts clearly portrays the death of the future plans the working class keep to at that time and the writers do this to illustrate the chances of normal people succeeding and how being born into a hierarchy means that you’re destined to a class in society. In Of Mice and Men, Lennie is introduced with a â€Å"shapeless face† and animal imagery is used to signify his strength, â€Å"bear drags his paws†, this portrayal of Lennie sets him apart from George in the hierarchy. As the story develops the readers understanding of George’s and Lennie’s relationship does to, the reader realises that the theme that keeps both the key protagonists motivated is the dream. This is further developed when Steinbeck introduces the dream for the first time, â€Å"I remember about the rabbits, George†, it is clear to the readers that Lennie is academically weak and in order for him to remember about the dream indicated how much it means to him and it’s possibly the thing that matters to him most. However early in the novel Steinbeck uses animal imagery to foreshadow the death of Lennie and the death of the dream, â€Å"shoot you for a coyote†, the author highlights his vulnerability and his death in the future to suggest that his weakness academically is what possibly lead him to his death. In the beginning of the novel George gets into a quarrel with Lennie about ketchup, â€Å"we ain’t got any†, during George’s rant he clearly emphasizes on what he sees as the American dream in comparison to what they both see. George leads on to imply that Lenny is a road block to his dream and this is partially true as it is what Lennie did towards the end of the novel that killed the chances of the dream. George’s dream can be considered as a typical working class dream as it isn’t very promising and has no future outlook. The death of the dream in Of Mice and Men seems to be blames on a certain individual, the death of George and Lennie’s dream is blamed on Lennie and later in the novel we learn that the death of Curley’s wife’s is because of her â€Å"ol lady†. In the novel Curley’s wife is portrayed as a social outcast alongside the â€Å"nigga† but this time because of her gender as they lived in a sexist society. However beneath her make up her interior reveals her dreams and how they were crushed as well, the reader also finds out that her sexual weapon is to grab the attention of the ranch workers as no one gave her the recognition she wanted. Curley’s wife’s dream is fully revealed towards the end of the novel with her explain it to Lennie, she clearly illustrates her very independent dream however it is also clear that she is very dependent on men when it comes to making the dream a reality. This maybe the reason why her dream was locked away and only brought out when she needed it to emotionally look back at it; considering that she lived in a men’s society it means that women are held back from what they wanted to do and were expected become a housewife. This is the main road block that Curley’s wife comes across making her dream futile. Throughout the novel the reader realises that the characters that we’re too eager for their dream (Lennie and Curley’s wife) reaches their destiny, quite dramatically, with their death. It seems that both characters had something in common – lack of power, the protagonists had a lack of power meaning that they were vulnerable to society however Curley’s wife attempted to cover it by putting on a lot of makeup but it is clear that your weakness will eventually go against you. Furthermore both characters dream was clearly futile from the beginning of the novel as both characters seemed to depend on another person in order for their dreams to succeed. In Lennie’s case it was George and Curley’s wife needed a man. Steinbeck reinforces the themes of Power and powerlessness with links to the dream to suggest that there is some sort of bond with making the dream and having the power to make it. This portrayal in Of Mice and Men illustrated not only the fact that succeeding during the Great Depression was very limited but the fact that without power or status, which both characters lacked in, the chances of making the dream was nil.

Essay about Jack Kerouac’s On The Road - The American Quest

On The Road and the American Quest Jack Kerouacs On The Road is the most uniquely American novel of its time. While it has never fared well with academics, On The Road has come to symbolize for many an entire generation of disaffected young Americans. One can focus on numerous issues wh en addressing the novel, but the two primary reasons which make the book uniquely American are its frantic Romantic search for the great American hero (and ecstasy in general), and Kerouacs Spontaneous Prose method of writing. On The Road is an autobiographical first-person book written in 1951 and based on Kerouacs experiences of the late 1940s. At the time, America was undergoing drastic changes and the sense of sterility brought on†¦show more content†¦(42) Dean and Kerouacs alter ego, Sal, represent one of the three main types of character patterns seen in 50s literature: that of the Rebel. And while representative of the rebellious James Dean-like figures of literature, they are perhaps even more repres entative of 50s youth culture in their endless searches. For what? The quest is left open for debate. Tim Hunt suggests that Kerouac could be searching for several things in On The Road: a father (or brother) figure, the chance to regain lost joy, or a type of revelation (91). Hipkiss contends that Neals speeding dashes down the road are as much flights of panic, the fear of never making it, the fear of losing all the life he ever had, as they are quests for ecstasy, which is itself an escape from fear and the frustrations of desire. (43) Of course, elements of restlessness surface in earlier American novelists such as Hemingway and Fitzgerald, but Kerouacs search for a type of identity in an era of increasing conformity sparked rebelliousness On The Road-style and encouraged many to, as Tim Leary would put it several years later, tune in, turn on, and drop out. As Kerouacs searches for the great American hero and ecstasy in general made On The Road uniquely American, so too does his style of writing. Kerouacs search for ecstasy naturally led to the explorationShow MoreRelated Twain’s Huckleberry Finn and Kerouac’s On the Road – The River and the Road3035 Words   |  13 PagesTwain’s Huckleberry Finn and Kerouac’s On the Road – The River and the Road One element that separates a good novel from a great novel is its enduring effects on society. A great novel transcends time; it changes and mirrors the consciousness of a civilization. One such novel is Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. For the past one hundred and fifteen years, it has remained in print and has been one of the most widely studied texts in high schools and colleges. 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